Geography
Lebanon is a small country located in Western Asia official known as Lebanese republic. Its capital city is Beirut. The country is bordered by Syria to the north and east, Israel to the south and Mediterranean Sea to the west. Its surface area is 10,452 sq. km with a coastline of 225 km on the Mediterranean Sea that hosts the five famous cities of Beirut, Byblos, Sidon, Tripoli and Tyre. The country is divided into four distinct physiographic regions: the coastal plain, the Lebanon mountain range, the Beqaa valley and the Anti-Lebanon Mountains.
Lebanon first appeared in recorded history around 3000 BC, with the settlement of the area by the Canaanites. They established great maritime, trade and religious-city states in several coastal cities like Byblos, Tyre, Sidon and Beirut. The Greeks referred to these Semitic people as “Phoenicians,” after the Greek word for the expensive purple-dyed textiles that the Phoenicians exported.
Lebanon has an estimated 6.8 million (as of June 2020). Ethnically, the Lebanese compose a mixture Phoenician, Greek and Arab with ethnic minorities including Armenian and Kurdish population. Arabic is the official language, English and French are also spoken and a small portion of population are Armenian or Kurdish-speaking. Lebanon is a religiously diverse country in the Middle East. There are about 61 percent Muslim (30.6% Sunni, 30.5% Shi’a), about 33 percent Christians from different branches, about 5 percent Druze and a small number of Jews, Baha’is, Buddhist and Hindus.
 
Best Time to Visit
As an Arab country with Mediterranean climate, spring and autumn seasons are the best time to visit the country, where you can do activities such as trekking and hiking. Summer temperature can be hot and high as 32°C during the day, here you can relax along the beach or enjoy water activities.
 
Dress Code
Dress code in Lebanon is more relax than other Arab countries but all travelers should still dress modestly when visiting religious sites, it is recommended to cover your legs and shoulders. When visiting Lebanon on colder months, prepare to bring warm clothing and rain gears such as raincoats and umbrella.
 
Health & Safety
Lebanon is a developed country with relatively good health facilities. Similar when travel to other foreign countries, hepatitis A and B vaccines are recommended; also make sure tetanus-diphtheria and measles vaccinations are up-to-date. A typhoid vaccine is also recommended for travel to Lebanon.
 
Currency
The official Lebanese currency is the Lebanese pound or Lira (LL). Notes are available in denominations of: LL 1,000; LL 5,000; LL 10,000; LL 20,000; LL 50,000; and LL 100,000. There are also LL250 and LL500 coins. U.S. dollars are used widely throughout the country. Restaurants, hotels, and stores often quote their prices in U.S. dollars, and many establishments will convert and provide U.S. dollar prices for you upon request.
 
Tipping
Tipping isn’t really mandatory. In hotels and restaurants, tip is expected between 5 to 10 percent of the bill.
 
Photography
Photography is only limited to tourist sites in Lebanon. Taking photographs in military sites may result in your arrest.
 
Internet Access
Wi-Fi access is available in most hotels, restaurants or at airport in Lebanon. There is also available internet in some cafeterias around the city.
 
Alcohol
Alcoholic beverages are widely available in Christian dominated cities in Lebanon. Drinks are mostly served in social setting such as dinner parties, night clubs and restaurants. Some of the known Lebanese drinks are Arak, a traditionally produced anise-flavored drink, the locally brewed beer, Almaza beers, red and white wines. Muslim-based areas like Tripoli and Bekaa, do not generally sell alcoholic drinks.
 
Lebanese Cuisine
One should not miss some Lebanese cuisine when visiting the country. It ranges from full mezze meal that consist of hummus, olives, aubergine, labneh cheese and tabbouleh salad. Meat and fishes like meat and grilled skewers, and Lebanese pizza (Manakish). For some sweet treats you may try baklavas, sweet pistachio treats and Kanafeh.
 
Climate
The climate in Lebanon is Mediterranean with mild to cool, rainy winters, hot and dry summer. Fall is transitional season with gradual lowering of temperature and little rain; winter is a rainy season and there can be occasional snow; spring occurs when the winter rains cause the vegetation revive and summer can be very hot most likely at coastal area.
 
Electricity
Electric current is 110/220 volts, 50 cycles. A two-pin plug, with round pins is commonly used (Type C, similar to many European countries), but other types of plugs are also in use so it is best to check before you go.
 
Holidays
Lebanon has a full calendar of official holidays. Most of the banks, schools and government offices are closed, it is still possible to find shops and restaurants open for business. Holidays with Fixed Dates:
  • New Year’s Day – January 1
  • Christmas (Armenian-Orthodox) – January 6
  • St. Maroun’s Day – February 9
  • Commemoration of the assassination of PM Rafic Hariri - February 14
  • Labor Day – May 1
  • Martyrs’ Day – May 6
  • Annunciation Day / Resistance & Liberation Day – May 25
  • Lady Mary Assumption– August 15
  • Independence Day – November 22
  • Christmas – December 25
Religious Holidays with Moveable Dates:
  • Catholic Good Friday
  • Orthodox Good Friday
  • Catholic Easter
  • Orthodox Easter
  • Ras As-Sana - Hegire (Muslim New Year)
  • Eid Al-Fitr (two days)
  • Eid Al-Adha (two days)
  • Al-Ashoura: in memory of the death of Hussein (the prophet’s grandson).
  • Mawlid An-Nabi (Prophet Muhammad’s Birthday)
 
Responsible Travel
-Sight-seeing tours are operated and led by a local guide and/or local drivers.
- Take a local experience activity such as hiking, trekking, fruit and vegetable picking and preparing local dishes. Staying at local guesthouse or accommodations can support local community as well.
- When going to beaches, make sure to dispose your garbage properly. If doing diving activities, avoid touching coral reefs.
- Buying handmade artifacts from the local producers like blown glass, ceramic and pottery, woodwork and basketry, jewelries, perfumed soaps and embroideries.